ORACLE FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS - III
How does one backup
archived log files? (For DBA)
One can backup archived log files using RMAN or any operating system backup utility. Remember to delete files after backing them up to prevent the archive log directory from filling up. If the archive log directory becomes full, your database will hang! Look at this simple RMAN backup script:
RMAN> run {
2> allocate channel dev1 type disk;
3> backup
4> format '/app/oracle/arch_backup/log_t%t_s%s_p%p'
5> (archivelog all delete input);
6> release channel dev1;
7> }
One can backup archived log files using RMAN or any operating system backup utility. Remember to delete files after backing them up to prevent the archive log directory from filling up. If the archive log directory becomes full, your database will hang! Look at this simple RMAN backup script:
RMAN> run {
2> allocate channel dev1 type disk;
3> backup
4> format '/app/oracle/arch_backup/log_t%t_s%s_p%p'
5> (archivelog all delete input);
6> release channel dev1;
7> }
Does Oracle write to data
files in begin/hot backup mode? (For DBA)
Oracle will stop updating file headers, but will continue to write data to the database files even if a tablespace is in backup mode.
In backup mode, Oracle will write out complete changed blocks to the redo log files. Normally only deltas (changes) are logged to the redo logs. This is done to enable reconstruction of a block if only half of it was backed up (split blocks). Because of this, one should notice increased log activity and archiving during on-line backups.
Oracle will stop updating file headers, but will continue to write data to the database files even if a tablespace is in backup mode.
In backup mode, Oracle will write out complete changed blocks to the redo log files. Normally only deltas (changes) are logged to the redo logs. This is done to enable reconstruction of a block if only half of it was backed up (split blocks). Because of this, one should notice increased log activity and archiving during on-line backups.
What is the Maximum
allowed length of Record group Column?
Record group column names cannot exceed 30 characters.
Record group column names cannot exceed 30 characters.
Which parameter can be
used to set read level consistency across multiple queries?
Read only
Read only
What are the different
types of Record Groups?
Query Record Groups
NonQuery Record Groups
State Record Groups
Query Record Groups
NonQuery Record Groups
State Record Groups
From which designation is
it preferred to send the output to the printed?
Previewer
Previewer
What are difference
between post database commit and post-form commit?
Post-form commit fires once during the post and commit transactions process, after the database commit occurs. The post-form-commit trigger fires after inserts, updates and deletes have been posted to the database but before the transactions have been finalized in the issuing the command. The post-database-commit trigger fires after oracle forms issues the commit to finalized transactions.
Post-form commit fires once during the post and commit transactions process, after the database commit occurs. The post-form-commit trigger fires after inserts, updates and deletes have been posted to the database but before the transactions have been finalized in the issuing the command. The post-database-commit trigger fires after oracle forms issues the commit to finalized transactions.
What are the different
display styles of list items?
Pop_listText_listCombo box
Pop_listText_listCombo box
Which of the above
methods is the faster method?
performing the calculation in the query is faster.
performing the calculation in the query is faster.
With which function of
summary item is the compute at options required?
percentage of total functions.
percentage of total functions.
What are parameters?
Parameters provide a simple mechanism for defining and setting the values of inputs that are required by a form at startup. Form parameters are variables of type char, number, date that you define at design time.
Parameters provide a simple mechanism for defining and setting the values of inputs that are required by a form at startup. Form parameters are variables of type char, number, date that you define at design time.
What are the three types
of user exits available?
Oracle Precompiler exits, Oracle call interface, NonOracle user exits.
Oracle Precompiler exits, Oracle call interface, NonOracle user exits.
How many windows in a
form can have console?
Only one window in a form can display the console, and you cannot change the console assignment at runtime.
Only one window in a form can display the console, and you cannot change the console assignment at runtime.
What is an administrative
(privileged) user? (For DBA)
Oracle DBAs and operators typically use administrative accounts to manage the database and database instance. An administrative account is a user that is granted SYSOPER or SYSDBA privileges. SYSDBA and SYSOPER allow access to a database instance even if it is not running. Control of these privileges is managed outside of the database via password files and special operating system groups. This password file is created with the orapwd utility.
Oracle DBAs and operators typically use administrative accounts to manage the database and database instance. An administrative account is a user that is granted SYSOPER or SYSDBA privileges. SYSDBA and SYSOPER allow access to a database instance even if it is not running. Control of these privileges is managed outside of the database via password files and special operating system groups. This password file is created with the orapwd utility.
What are the two
repeating frame always associated with matrix object?
One down repeating frame below one across repeating frame.
One down repeating frame below one across repeating frame.
What are the
master-detail triggers?
On-Check_delete_masterOn_clear_detailsOn_populate_details
On-Check_delete_masterOn_clear_detailsOn_populate_details
How does one connect to
an administrative user? (For DBA)
If an administrative user belongs to the "dba" group on UNIX, or the "ORA_DBA" (ORA_sid_DBA) group on NT, he/she can connect like this:
connect / as sysdba
No password is required. This is equivalent to the desupported "connect internal" method.
A password is required for "non-secure" administrative access. These passwords are stored in password files. Remote connections via Net8 are classified as non-secure. Look at this example:
connect sys/password as sysdba
If an administrative user belongs to the "dba" group on UNIX, or the "ORA_DBA" (ORA_sid_DBA) group on NT, he/she can connect like this:
connect / as sysdba
No password is required. This is equivalent to the desupported "connect internal" method.
A password is required for "non-secure" administrative access. These passwords are stored in password files. Remote connections via Net8 are classified as non-secure. Look at this example:
connect sys/password as sysdba
How does one create a password
file? (For DBA)
The Oracle Password File ($ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw or orapwSID) stores passwords for users with administrative privileges. One needs to create a password files before remote administrators (like OEM) will be allowed to connect.
Follow this procedure to create a new password file:
. Log in as the Oracle software owner
. Run command: orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=mypasswd
. Shutdown the database (SQLPLUS> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE)
. Edit the INIT.ORA file and ensure REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=exclusive is set.
. Startup the database (SQLPLUS> STARTUP)
NOTE: The orapwd utility presents a security risk in that it receives a password from the command line. This password is visible in the process table of many systems. Administrators needs to be aware of this!
The Oracle Password File ($ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw or orapwSID) stores passwords for users with administrative privileges. One needs to create a password files before remote administrators (like OEM) will be allowed to connect.
Follow this procedure to create a new password file:
. Log in as the Oracle software owner
. Run command: orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=mypasswd
. Shutdown the database (SQLPLUS> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE)
. Edit the INIT.ORA file and ensure REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=exclusive is set.
. Startup the database (SQLPLUS> STARTUP)
NOTE: The orapwd utility presents a security risk in that it receives a password from the command line. This password is visible in the process table of many systems. Administrators needs to be aware of this!
Is it possible to modify
an external query in a report which contains it?
No.
No.
Does a grouping done for
objects in the layout editor affect the grouping done in the data model editor?
No.
No.
How does one add users to
a password file? (For DBA)
One can select from the SYS.V_$PWFILE_USERS view to see which users are listed in the password file. New users can be added to the password file by granting them SYSDBA or SYSOPER privileges, or by using the orapwd utility. GRANT SYSDBA TO scott;
One can select from the SYS.V_$PWFILE_USERS view to see which users are listed in the password file. New users can be added to the password file by granting them SYSDBA or SYSOPER privileges, or by using the orapwd utility. GRANT SYSDBA TO scott;
If a break order is set
on a column would it affect columns which are under the column?
No
No
Why are OPS$ accounts a
security risk in a client/server environment? (For DBA)
If you allow people to log in with OPS$ accounts from Windows Workstations, you cannot be sure who they really are. With terminals, you can rely on operating system passwords, with Windows, you cannot.
If you set REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT=TRUE in your init.ora file, Oracle assumes that the remote OS has authenticated the user. If REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT is set to FALSE (recommended), remote users will be unable to connect without a password. IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY will only be in effect from the local host. Also, if you are using "OPS$" as your prefix, you will be able to log on locally with or without a password, regardless of whether you have identified your ID with a password or defined it to be IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY.
If you allow people to log in with OPS$ accounts from Windows Workstations, you cannot be sure who they really are. With terminals, you can rely on operating system passwords, with Windows, you cannot.
If you set REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT=TRUE in your init.ora file, Oracle assumes that the remote OS has authenticated the user. If REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT is set to FALSE (recommended), remote users will be unable to connect without a password. IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY will only be in effect from the local host. Also, if you are using "OPS$" as your prefix, you will be able to log on locally with or without a password, regardless of whether you have identified your ID with a password or defined it to be IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY.
Do user parameters appear
in the data modal editor in 2.5?
No
No
Can you pass data
parameters to forms?
No
No
Is it possible to link
two groups inside a cross products after the cross products group has been
created?
No
No
What are the different
default triggers created when Master Deletes Property is set to Non-isolated?
Master Deletes Property Resulting Triggers
----------------------------------------------------
Non-Isolated(the default) On-Check-Delete-Master
On-Clear-Details
On-Populate-Details
Master Deletes Property Resulting Triggers
----------------------------------------------------
Non-Isolated(the default) On-Check-Delete-Master
On-Clear-Details
On-Populate-Details
What are the different
default triggers created when Master Deletes Property is set to isolated?
Master Deletes Property Resulting Triggers
---------------------------------------------------
Isolated On-Clear-Details
On-Populate-Details
Master Deletes Property Resulting Triggers
---------------------------------------------------
Isolated On-Clear-Details
On-Populate-Details
What are the different
default triggers created when Master Deletes Property is set to Cascade?
Master Deletes Property Resulting Triggers
---------------------------------------------------
Cascading On-Clear-Details
On-Populate-Details
Pre-delete
Master Deletes Property Resulting Triggers
---------------------------------------------------
Cascading On-Clear-Details
On-Populate-Details
Pre-delete
What is the diff. bet.
setting up of parameters in reports 2.0 reports2.5?
LOVs can be attached to parameters in the reports 2.5 parameter form.
LOVs can be attached to parameters in the reports 2.5 parameter form.
What are the difference
between lov & list item?
Lov is a property whereas list item is an item. A list item can have only one column, lov can have one or more columns.
Lov is a property whereas list item is an item. A list item can have only one column, lov can have one or more columns.
What is the advantage of
the library?
Libraries provide a convenient means of storing client-side program units and sharing them among multiple applications. Once you create a library, you can attach it to any other form, menu, or library modules. When you can call library program units from triggers menu items commands and user named routine, you write in the modules to which you have attach the library. When a library attaches another library, program units in the first library can reference program units in the attached library. Library support dynamic loading-that is library program units are loaded into an application only when needed. This can significantly reduce the run-time memory requirements of applications.
Libraries provide a convenient means of storing client-side program units and sharing them among multiple applications. Once you create a library, you can attach it to any other form, menu, or library modules. When you can call library program units from triggers menu items commands and user named routine, you write in the modules to which you have attach the library. When a library attaches another library, program units in the first library can reference program units in the attached library. Library support dynamic loading-that is library program units are loaded into an application only when needed. This can significantly reduce the run-time memory requirements of applications.
What is lexical
reference? How can it be created?
Lexical reference is place_holder for text that can be embedded in a sql statements. A lexical reference can be created using & before the column or parameter name.
Lexical reference is place_holder for text that can be embedded in a sql statements. A lexical reference can be created using & before the column or parameter name.
What is
system.coordination_operation?
It represents the coordination causing event that occur on the master block in master-detail relation.
It represents the coordination causing event that occur on the master block in master-detail relation.
What is synchronize?
It is a terminal screen with the internal state of the form. It updates the screen display to reflect the information that oracle forms has in its internal representation of the screen.
It is a terminal screen with the internal state of the form. It updates the screen display to reflect the information that oracle forms has in its internal representation of the screen.
What use of command line
parameter cmd file?
It is a command line argument that allows you to specify a file that contain a set of arguments for r20run.
It is a command line argument that allows you to specify a file that contain a set of arguments for r20run.
What is a Text_io
Package?
It allows you to read and write information to a file in the file system.
It allows you to read and write information to a file in the file system.
What is forms_DDL?
Issues dynamic Sql statements at run time, including server side pl/Sql and DDL
Issues dynamic Sql statements at run time, including server side pl/Sql and DDL
How is link tool
operation different bet. reports 2 & 2.5?
In Reports 2.0 the link tool has to be selected and then two fields to be linked are selected and the link is automatically created. In 2.5 the first field is selected and the link tool is then used to link the first field to the second field.
In Reports 2.0 the link tool has to be selected and then two fields to be linked are selected and the link is automatically created. In 2.5 the first field is selected and the link tool is then used to link the first field to the second field.
What are the different
styles of activation of ole Objects?
In place activationExternal activation
In place activationExternal activation
How do you reference a
Parameter?
In Pl/Sql, You can reference and set the values of form parameters using bind variables syntax. Ex. PARAMETER name = '' or :block.item = PARAMETER Parameter name
In Pl/Sql, You can reference and set the values of form parameters using bind variables syntax. Ex. PARAMETER name = '' or :block.item = PARAMETER Parameter name
What is the difference
between object embedding & linking in Oracle forms?
In Oracle forms, embedded objects become part of the form module, and linked objects are references from a form module to a linked source file.
In Oracle forms, embedded objects become part of the form module, and linked objects are references from a form module to a linked source file.
Name of the functions
used to get/set canvas properties?
Get_view_property, Set_view_property
Get_view_property, Set_view_property
What are the built-ins
that are used for setting the LOV properties at runtime?
get_lov_property
set_lov_property
get_lov_property
set_lov_property
What are the built-ins
used for processing rows?
Get_group_row_count(function)
Get_group_selection_count(function)
Get_group_selection(function)
Reset_group_selection(procedure)
Set_group_selection(procedure)
Unset_group_selection(procedure)
Get_group_row_count(function)
Get_group_selection_count(function)
Get_group_selection(function)
Reset_group_selection(procedure)
Set_group_selection(procedure)
Unset_group_selection(procedure)
What are built-ins used
for processing rows?
GET_GROUP_ROW_COUNT(function)
GET_GROUP_SELECTION_COUNT(function)
GET_GROUP_SELECTION(function)
RESET_GROUP_SELECTION(procedure)
SET_GROUP_SELECTION(procedure)
UNSET_GROUP_SELECTION(procedure)
GET_GROUP_ROW_COUNT(function)
GET_GROUP_SELECTION_COUNT(function)
GET_GROUP_SELECTION(function)
RESET_GROUP_SELECTION(procedure)
SET_GROUP_SELECTION(procedure)
UNSET_GROUP_SELECTION(procedure)
What are the built-in
used for getting cell values?
Get_group_char_cell (function)
Get_groupcell (function)
Get_group_number_cell (function)
Get_group_char_cell (function)
Get_groupcell (function)
Get_group_number_cell (function)
What are the built-ins
used for getting cell values?
GET_GROUP_CHAR_CELL (function)
GET_GROUPCELL (function)
GET_GROUP_NUMBET_CELL (function)
GET_GROUP_CHAR_CELL (function)
GET_GROUPCELL (function)
GET_GROUP_NUMBET_CELL (function)
At least how many set of
data must a data model have before a data model can be base on it?
Four
Four
To execute row from being
displayed that still use column in the row which property can be used?
Format trigger.
Format trigger.
What are different types
of modules available in oracle form?
Form module - a collection of objects and code routines Menu modules - a collection of menus and menu item commands that together make up an application menu library module - a collection of user named procedures, functions and packages that can be called from other modules in the application
Form module - a collection of objects and code routines Menu modules - a collection of menus and menu item commands that together make up an application menu library module - a collection of user named procedures, functions and packages that can be called from other modules in the application
What is the remove on
exit property?
For a modeless window, it determines whether oracle forms hides the window automatically when the operators navigates to an item in the another window.
For a modeless window, it determines whether oracle forms hides the window automatically when the operators navigates to an item in the another window.
What is
WHEN-Database-record trigger?
Fires when oracle forms first marks a record as an insert or an update. The trigger fires as soon as oracle forms determines through validation that the record should be processed by the next post or commit as an insert or update. It generally occurs only when the operators modifies the first item in the record, and after the operator attempts to navigate out of the item.
Fires when oracle forms first marks a record as an insert or an update. The trigger fires as soon as oracle forms determines through validation that the record should be processed by the next post or commit as an insert or update. It generally occurs only when the operators modifies the first item in the record, and after the operator attempts to navigate out of the item.
What is a difference
between pre-select and pre-query?
Fires during the execute query and count query processing after oracle forms constructs the select statement to be issued, but before the statement is actually issued. The pre-query trigger fires just before oracle forms issues the select statement to the database after the operator as define the example records by entering the query criteria in enter query mode. Pre-query trigger fires before pre-select trigger.
Fires during the execute query and count query processing after oracle forms constructs the select statement to be issued, but before the statement is actually issued. The pre-query trigger fires just before oracle forms issues the select statement to the database after the operator as define the example records by entering the query criteria in enter query mode. Pre-query trigger fires before pre-select trigger.
What are built-ins
associated with timers?
find_timercreate_timerdelete_timer
find_timercreate_timerdelete_timer
What are the built-ins
used for finding object ID functions?
Find_group (function)
Find_column (function)
Find_group (function)
Find_column (function)
What are the built-ins
used for finding Object ID function?
FIND_GROUP (function)
FIND_COLUMN (function)
FIND_GROUP (function)
FIND_COLUMN (function)
Any attempt to navigate
programmatically to disabled form in a call_form stack is allowed?
False
False
Use the Add_group_row
procedure to add a row to a static record group 1. True or false?
False
False
What third party tools
can be used with Oracle EBU/ RMAN? (For DBA)
The following Media Management Software Vendors have integrated their media management software packages with Oracle Recovery Manager and Oracle7 Enterprise Backup Utility. The Media Management Vendors will provide first line technical support for the integrated backup/recover solutions.
Veritas NetBackup
EMC Data Manager (EDM)
HP OMNIBack II
IBM's Tivoli Storage Manager - formerly ADSM
Legato Networker
ManageIT Backup and Recovery
Sterling Software's SAMS: Alexandria - formerly from Spectralogic
Sun Solstice Backup
The following Media Management Software Vendors have integrated their media management software packages with Oracle Recovery Manager and Oracle7 Enterprise Backup Utility. The Media Management Vendors will provide first line technical support for the integrated backup/recover solutions.
Veritas NetBackup
EMC Data Manager (EDM)
HP OMNIBack II
IBM's Tivoli Storage Manager - formerly ADSM
Legato Networker
ManageIT Backup and Recovery
Sterling Software's SAMS: Alexandria - formerly from Spectralogic
Sun Solstice Backup
Why and when should one
tune? (For DBA)
One of the biggest responsibilities of a DBA is to ensure that the Oracle database is tuned properly. The Oracle RDBMS is highly tunable and allows the database to be monitored and adjusted to increase its performance. One should do performance tuning for the following reasons:
The speed of computing might be wasting valuable human time (users waiting for response); Enable your system to keep-up with the speed business is conducted; and Optimize hardware usage to save money (companies are spending millions on hardware). Although this FAQ is not overly concerned with hardware issues, one needs to remember than you cannot tune a Buick into a Ferrari.
One of the biggest responsibilities of a DBA is to ensure that the Oracle database is tuned properly. The Oracle RDBMS is highly tunable and allows the database to be monitored and adjusted to increase its performance. One should do performance tuning for the following reasons:
The speed of computing might be wasting valuable human time (users waiting for response); Enable your system to keep-up with the speed business is conducted; and Optimize hardware usage to save money (companies are spending millions on hardware). Although this FAQ is not overly concerned with hardware issues, one needs to remember than you cannot tune a Buick into a Ferrari.
How can a break order be
created on a column in an existing group? What are the various sub events a
mouse double click event involves?
By dragging the column outside the group.
By dragging the column outside the group.
What is the use of place
holder column? What are the various sub events a mouse double click event
involves?
A placeholder column is used to hold calculated values at a specified place rather than allowing is to appear in the actual row where it has to appear.
A placeholder column is used to hold calculated values at a specified place rather than allowing is to appear in the actual row where it has to appear.
What is the use of hidden
column? What are the various sub events a mouse double click event involves?
A hidden column is used to when a column has to embed into boilerplate text.
A hidden column is used to when a column has to embed into boilerplate text.
What
database aspects should be monitored? (For DBA)
One should implement a monitoring system to constantly monitor the following aspects of a database. Writing custom scripts, implementing Oracle's Enterprise Manager, or buying a third-party monitoring product can achieve this. If an alarm is triggered, the system should automatically notify the DBA (e-mail, page, etc.) to take appropriate action.
Infrastructure availability:
One should implement a monitoring system to constantly monitor the following aspects of a database. Writing custom scripts, implementing Oracle's Enterprise Manager, or buying a third-party monitoring product can achieve this. If an alarm is triggered, the system should automatically notify the DBA (e-mail, page, etc.) to take appropriate action.
Infrastructure availability:
-
Is the
database up and responding to requests
-
Are the
listeners up and responding to requests
-
Are the
Oracle Names and LDAP Servers up and responding to requests
-
Are the
Web Listeners up and responding to requests
Things that can cause
service outages:
-
Is the
archive log destination filling up?
-
Objects
getting close to their max extents
-
User
and process limits reached
Things that can cause bad performance:
Things that can cause bad performance:
-
See
question "What tuning indicators can one use?”
Where the tuning effort
should be directed? (For DBA)
Consider the following areas for tuning. The order in which steps are listed needs to be maintained to prevent tuning side effects. For example, it is no good increasing the buffer cache if you can reduce I/O by rewriting a SQL statement. Database Design (if it's not too late):
Poor system performance usually results from a poor database design. One should generally normalize to the 3NF. Selective denormalization can provide valuable performance improvements. When designing, always keep the "data access path" in mind. Also look at proper data partitioning, data replication, aggregation tables for decision support systems, etc.
Application Tuning:
Experience showed that approximately 80% of all Oracle system performance problems are resolved by coding optimal SQL. Also consider proper scheduling of batch tasks after peak working hours.
Memory Tuning:
Properly size your database buffers (shared pool, buffer cache, log buffer, etc.) by looking at your buffer hit ratios. Pin large objects into memory to prevent frequent reloads.
Disk I/O Tuning:
Database files needs to be properly sized and placed to provide maximum disk subsystem throughput. Also look for frequent disk sorts, full table scans, missing indexes, row chaining, data fragmentation, etc.
Eliminate Database Contention:
Study database locks, latches and wait events carefully and eliminate where possible. Tune the Operating System:
Monitor and tune operating system CPU, I/O and memory utilization. For more information, read the related Oracle FAQ dealing with your specific operating system.
Consider the following areas for tuning. The order in which steps are listed needs to be maintained to prevent tuning side effects. For example, it is no good increasing the buffer cache if you can reduce I/O by rewriting a SQL statement. Database Design (if it's not too late):
Poor system performance usually results from a poor database design. One should generally normalize to the 3NF. Selective denormalization can provide valuable performance improvements. When designing, always keep the "data access path" in mind. Also look at proper data partitioning, data replication, aggregation tables for decision support systems, etc.
Application Tuning:
Experience showed that approximately 80% of all Oracle system performance problems are resolved by coding optimal SQL. Also consider proper scheduling of batch tasks after peak working hours.
Memory Tuning:
Properly size your database buffers (shared pool, buffer cache, log buffer, etc.) by looking at your buffer hit ratios. Pin large objects into memory to prevent frequent reloads.
Disk I/O Tuning:
Database files needs to be properly sized and placed to provide maximum disk subsystem throughput. Also look for frequent disk sorts, full table scans, missing indexes, row chaining, data fragmentation, etc.
Eliminate Database Contention:
Study database locks, latches and wait events carefully and eliminate where possible. Tune the Operating System:
Monitor and tune operating system CPU, I/O and memory utilization. For more information, read the related Oracle FAQ dealing with your specific operating system.
What are the various sub
events a mouse double click event involves? What are the various sub events a
mouse double click event involves?
Double clicking the mouse consists of the mouse down, mouse up, mouse click, mouse down & mouse up events.
Double clicking the mouse consists of the mouse down, mouse up, mouse click, mouse down & mouse up events.
What are the default
parameter that appear at run time in the parameter screen? What are the various
sub events a mouse double click event involves?
Destype and Desname.
Destype and Desname.
What are the built-ins
used for Creating and deleting groups?
CREATE-GROUP (function)
CREATE_GROUP_FROM_QUERY (function)
DELETE_GROUP (procedure)
CREATE-GROUP (function)
CREATE_GROUP_FROM_QUERY (function)
DELETE_GROUP (procedure)
What are different types
of canvas views?
Content canvas views
stacked canvas views
Horizontal toolbar
vertical toolbar.
Content canvas views
stacked canvas views
Horizontal toolbar
vertical toolbar.
What are the different
types of Delete details we can establish in Master-Details?
Cascade
Isolate
Non-isolate
Cascade
Isolate
Non-isolate
What is relation between
the window and canvas views?
Canvas views are the back ground objects on which you place the interface items (Text items), check boxes, radio groups etc.,) and boilerplate objects (boxes, lines, images etc.,) that operators interact with us they run your form. Each canvas views displayed in a window.
Canvas views are the back ground objects on which you place the interface items (Text items), check boxes, radio groups etc.,) and boilerplate objects (boxes, lines, images etc.,) that operators interact with us they run your form. Each canvas views displayed in a window.
What is a User_exit?
Calls the user exit named in the user_exit_string. Invokes a 3Gl program by name which has been properly linked into your current oracle forms executable.
Calls the user exit named in the user_exit_string. Invokes a 3Gl program by name which has been properly linked into your current oracle forms executable.
How is it possible to
select generate a select set for the query in the query property sheet?
By using the tables/columns button and then specifying the table and the column names.
By using the tables/columns button and then specifying the table and the column names.
How can values be passed
bet. precompiler exits & Oracle call interface?
By using the statement EXECIAFGET & EXECIAFPUT.
By using the statement EXECIAFGET & EXECIAFPUT.
How can a square be drawn
in the layout editor of the report writer?
By using the rectangle tool while pressing the (Constraint) key.
By using the rectangle tool while pressing the (Constraint) key.
How can a text file be
attached to a report while creating in the report writer?
By using the link file property in the layout boiler plate property sheet.
By using the link file property in the layout boiler plate property sheet.
How can I pass a message
to the user from reports?
By using SRW.MESSAGE function.
By using SRW.MESSAGE function.
Does one need to drop/
truncate objects before importing? (For DBA)
Before one import rows into already populated tables, one needs to truncate or drop these tables to get rid of the old data. If not, the new data will be appended to the existing tables. One must always DROP existing Sequences before re-importing. If the sequences are not dropped, they will generate numbers inconsistent with the rest of the database. Note: It is also advisable to drop indexes before importing to speed up the import process. Indexes can easily be recreated after the data was successfully imported.
Before one import rows into already populated tables, one needs to truncate or drop these tables to get rid of the old data. If not, the new data will be appended to the existing tables. One must always DROP existing Sequences before re-importing. If the sequences are not dropped, they will generate numbers inconsistent with the rest of the database. Note: It is also advisable to drop indexes before importing to speed up the import process. Indexes can easily be recreated after the data was successfully imported.
How can a button be used
in a report to give a drill down facility?
By setting the action associated with button to Execute pl/sql option and using the SRW.Run_report function.
By setting the action associated with button to Execute pl/sql option and using the SRW.Run_report function.
Can one import/export
between different versions of Oracle? (For DBA)
Different versions of the import utility is upwards compatible. This means that one can take an export file created from an old export version, and import it using a later version of the import utility. This is quite an effective way of upgrading a database from one release of Oracle to the next.
Oracle also ships some previous catexpX.sql scripts that can be executed as user SYS enabling older imp/exp versions to work (for backwards compatibility). For example, one can run $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catexp7.sql on an Oracle 8 database to allow the Oracle 7.3 exp/imp utilities to run against an Oracle 8 database.
Different versions of the import utility is upwards compatible. This means that one can take an export file created from an old export version, and import it using a later version of the import utility. This is quite an effective way of upgrading a database from one release of Oracle to the next.
Oracle also ships some previous catexpX.sql scripts that can be executed as user SYS enabling older imp/exp versions to work (for backwards compatibility). For example, one can run $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catexp7.sql on an Oracle 8 database to allow the Oracle 7.3 exp/imp utilities to run against an Oracle 8 database.
What are different types
of images?
Boiler plate imagesImage Items
Boiler plate imagesImage Items
Can one export to
multiple files?/ Can one beat the Unix 2 Gig limit? (For DBA)
From Oracle8i, the export utility supports multiple output files. This feature enables large exports to be divided into files whose sizes will not exceed any operating system limits (FILESIZE= parameter). When importing from multi-file export you must provide the same filenames in the same sequence in the FILE= parameter. Look at this example:
exp SCOTT/TIGER FILE=D:\F1.dmp,E:\F2.dmp FILESIZE=10m LOG=scott.log
Use the following technique if you use an Oracle version prior to 8i:
Create a compressed export on the fly. Depending on the type of data, you probably can export up to 10 gigabytes to a single file. This example uses gzip. It offers the best compression I know of, but you can also substitute it with zip, compress or whatever.
# create a named pipe
mknod exp.pipe p
# read the pipe - output to zip file in the background
gzip <> scott.exp.gz &
# feed the pipe
exp userid=scott/tiger file=exp.pipe ...
From Oracle8i, the export utility supports multiple output files. This feature enables large exports to be divided into files whose sizes will not exceed any operating system limits (FILESIZE= parameter). When importing from multi-file export you must provide the same filenames in the same sequence in the FILE= parameter. Look at this example:
exp SCOTT/TIGER FILE=D:\F1.dmp,E:\F2.dmp FILESIZE=10m LOG=scott.log
Use the following technique if you use an Oracle version prior to 8i:
Create a compressed export on the fly. Depending on the type of data, you probably can export up to 10 gigabytes to a single file. This example uses gzip. It offers the best compression I know of, but you can also substitute it with zip, compress or whatever.
# create a named pipe
mknod exp.pipe p
# read the pipe - output to zip file in the background
gzip <> scott.exp.gz &
# feed the pipe
exp userid=scott/tiger file=exp.pipe ...
What is bind reference
and how can it be created?
Bind reference are used to replace the single value in sql, pl/sql statements a bind reference can be created using a (:) before a column or a parameter name.
Bind reference are used to replace the single value in sql, pl/sql statements a bind reference can be created using a (:) before a column or a parameter name.
How can one improve
Import/ Export performance? (For DBA)
EXPORT:
EXPORT:
-
Set the
BUFFER parameter to a high value (e.g. 2M)
-
Set the
RECORDLENGTH parameter to a high value (e.g. 64K)
-
Stop
unnecessary applications to free-up resources for your job.
-
If you
run multiple export sessions, ensure they write to different physical disks.
-
DO NOT
export to an NFS mounted filesystem. It will take forever.
IMPORT:
-
Create
an index file so that you can create indexes AFTER you have imported data. Do
this by setting INDEXFILE to a filename and then import. No data will be
imported but a file containing index definitions will be created. You must edit
this file afterwards and supply the passwords for the schemas on all CONNECT
statements.
-
Place
the file to be imported on a separate physical disk from the oracle data files
-
Increase
DB_CACHE_SIZE (DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS prior to 9i) considerably in the init$SID.ora
file
-
Set the
LOG_BUFFER to a big value and restart oracle.
-
Stop
redo log archiving if it is running (ALTER DATABASE NOARCHIVELOG;)
-
Create
a BIG tablespace with a BIG rollback segment inside. Set all other rollback
segments offline (except the SYSTEM rollback segment of course). The rollback
segment must be as big as your biggest table (I think?)
-
Use
COMMIT=N in the import parameter file if you can afford it
-
Use
ANALYZE=N in the import parameter file to avoid time consuming ANALYZE
statements
-
Remember
to run the index file previously created
Give the sequence of
execution of the various report triggers?
Before form, After form , Before report, Between page, After report.
Before form, After form , Before report, Between page, After report.
What are the common
Import/ Export problems? (For DBA)
ORA-00001: Unique constraint (...) violated - You are importing duplicate rows. Use IGNORE=NO to skip tables that already exist (imp will give an error if the object is re-created).
ORA-01555: Snapshot too old - Ask your users to STOP working while you are exporting or use parameter CONSISTENT=NO
ORA-01562: Failed to extend rollback segment - Create bigger rollback segments or set parameter COMMIT=Y while importing
IMP-00015: Statement failed ... object already exists... - Use the IGNORE=Y import parameter to ignore these errors, but be careful as you might end up with duplicate rows.
ORA-00001: Unique constraint (...) violated - You are importing duplicate rows. Use IGNORE=NO to skip tables that already exist (imp will give an error if the object is re-created).
ORA-01555: Snapshot too old - Ask your users to STOP working while you are exporting or use parameter CONSISTENT=NO
ORA-01562: Failed to extend rollback segment - Create bigger rollback segments or set parameter COMMIT=Y while importing
IMP-00015: Statement failed ... object already exists... - Use the IGNORE=Y import parameter to ignore these errors, but be careful as you might end up with duplicate rows.
Why is it preferable to
create a fewer no. of queries in the data model?
Because for each query, report has to open a separate cursor and has to rebind, execute and fetch data.
Because for each query, report has to open a separate cursor and has to rebind, execute and fetch data.
Where is the external
query executed at the client or the server?
At the server.
At the server.
Where is a procedure
return in an external pl/sql library executed at the client or at the server?
At the client.
At the client.
What is coordination
Event?
Any event that makes a different record in the master block the current record is a coordination causing event.
Any event that makes a different record in the master block the current record is a coordination causing event.
What is the difference
between OLE Server & Ole Container?
An Ole server application creates ole Objects that are embedded or linked in ole Containers ex. Ole servers are ms_word & ms_excel. OLE containers provide a place to store, display and manipulate objects that are created by ole server applications. Ex. oracle forms is an example of an ole Container.
An Ole server application creates ole Objects that are embedded or linked in ole Containers ex. Ole servers are ms_word & ms_excel. OLE containers provide a place to store, display and manipulate objects that are created by ole server applications. Ex. oracle forms is an example of an ole Container.
What is an object group?
An object group is a container for a group of objects; you define an object group when you want to package related objects, so that you copy or reference them in other modules.
An object group is a container for a group of objects; you define an object group when you want to package related objects, so that you copy or reference them in other modules.
What is an LOV?
An LOV is a scrollable popup window that provides the operator with either a single or multi column selection list.
An LOV is a scrollable popup window that provides the operator with either a single or multi column selection list.
At what point of report
execution is the before Report trigger fired?
After the query is executed but before the report is executed and the records are displayed.
After the query is executed but before the report is executed and the records are displayed.
What are the built -ins
used for modifying a groups structure?
ADD-GROUP_COLUMN (function)
ADD_GROUP_ROW (procedure)
DELETE_GROUP_ROW (procedure)
ADD-GROUP_COLUMN (function)
ADD_GROUP_ROW (procedure)
DELETE_GROUP_ROW (procedure)
What is user exit used
for?
A way in which to pass control (and possibly arguments) form Oracle report to another Oracle products of 3 GL and then return control (and) back to Oracle reports.
A way in which to pass control (and possibly arguments) form Oracle report to another Oracle products of 3 GL and then return control (and) back to Oracle reports.
What is the User-Named
Editor?
A user named editor has the same text editing functionality as the default editor, but, because it is a named object, you can specify editor attributes such as windows display size, position, and title.
A user named editor has the same text editing functionality as the default editor, but, because it is a named object, you can specify editor attributes such as windows display size, position, and title.
My database was
terminated while in BACKUP MODE, do I need to recover? (For DBA)
If a database was terminated while one of its tablespaces was in BACKUP MODE (ALTER TABLESPACE xyz BEGIN BACKUP ;), it will tell you that media recovery is required when you try to restart the database. The DBA is then required to recover the database and apply all archived logs to the database. However, from Oracle7.2, you can simply take the individual datafiles out of backup mode and restart the database.
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/path/filename' END BACKUP;
One can select from V$BACKUP to see which datafiles are in backup mode. This normally saves a significant amount of database down time
From Oracle9i onwards, the following command can be used to take all of the datafiles out of hot backup mode:
ALTER DATABASE END BACKUP;
The above commands need to be issued when the database is mounted.
If a database was terminated while one of its tablespaces was in BACKUP MODE (ALTER TABLESPACE xyz BEGIN BACKUP ;), it will tell you that media recovery is required when you try to restart the database. The DBA is then required to recover the database and apply all archived logs to the database. However, from Oracle7.2, you can simply take the individual datafiles out of backup mode and restart the database.
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/path/filename' END BACKUP;
One can select from V$BACKUP to see which datafiles are in backup mode. This normally saves a significant amount of database down time
From Oracle9i onwards, the following command can be used to take all of the datafiles out of hot backup mode:
ALTER DATABASE END BACKUP;
The above commands need to be issued when the database is mounted.
What is a Static Record
Group?
A static record group is not associated with a query, rather, you define its structure and row values at design time, and they remain fixed at runtime.
A static record group is not associated with a query, rather, you define its structure and row values at design time, and they remain fixed at runtime.
What is a record group?
A record group is an internal Oracle Forms that structure that has a column/row framework similar to a database table. However, unlike database tables, record groups are separate objects that belong to the form module which they are defined.
A record group is an internal Oracle Forms that structure that has a column/row framework similar to a database table. However, unlike database tables, record groups are separate objects that belong to the form module which they are defined.
My database is down and I
cannot restore. What now? (For DBA)
Recovery without any backup is normally not supported, however, Oracle Consulting can sometimes extract data from an offline database using a utility called DUL (Disk UnLoad). This utility reads data in the data files and unloads it into SQL*Loader or export dump files. DUL does not care about rollback segments, corrupted blocks, etc, and can thus not guarantee that the data is not logically corrupt. It is intended as an absolute last resort and will most likely cost your company a lot of money!!!
Recovery without any backup is normally not supported, however, Oracle Consulting can sometimes extract data from an offline database using a utility called DUL (Disk UnLoad). This utility reads data in the data files and unloads it into SQL*Loader or export dump files. DUL does not care about rollback segments, corrupted blocks, etc, and can thus not guarantee that the data is not logically corrupt. It is intended as an absolute last resort and will most likely cost your company a lot of money!!!
I've lost my REDOLOG
files, how can I get my DB back? (For DBA)
The following INIT.ORA parameter may be required if your current redo logs are corrupted or blown away. Caution is advised when enabling this parameter as you might end-up losing your entire database. Please contact Oracle Support before using it. _allow_resetlogs_corruption = true
The following INIT.ORA parameter may be required if your current redo logs are corrupted or blown away. Caution is advised when enabling this parameter as you might end-up losing your entire database. Please contact Oracle Support before using it. _allow_resetlogs_corruption = true
What is a property
clause?
A property clause is a named object that contains a list of properties and their settings. Once you create a property clause you can base other object on it. An object based on a property can inherit the setting of any property in the clause that makes sense for that object.
A property clause is a named object that contains a list of properties and their settings. Once you create a property clause you can base other object on it. An object based on a property can inherit the setting of any property in the clause that makes sense for that object.
What is a physical page? &
what is a logical page?
A physical page is a size of a page. That is output by the printer. The logical page is the size of one page of the actual report as seen in the Previewer.
A physical page is a size of a page. That is output by the printer. The logical page is the size of one page of the actual report as seen in the Previewer.
I've lost some Rollback
Segments, how can I get my DB back? (For DBA)
Re-start your database with the following INIT.ORA parameter if one of your rollback segments is corrupted. You can then drop the corrupted rollback segments and create it from scratch.
Caution is advised when enabling this parameter, as uncommitted transactions will be marked as committed. One can very well end up with lost or inconsistent data!!! Please contact Oracle Support before using it. _Corrupted_rollback_segments = (rbs01, rbs01, rbs03, rbs04)
Re-start your database with the following INIT.ORA parameter if one of your rollback segments is corrupted. You can then drop the corrupted rollback segments and create it from scratch.
Caution is advised when enabling this parameter, as uncommitted transactions will be marked as committed. One can very well end up with lost or inconsistent data!!! Please contact Oracle Support before using it. _Corrupted_rollback_segments = (rbs01, rbs01, rbs03, rbs04)
What are the differences
between EBU and RMAN? (For DBA)
Enterprise Backup Utility (EBU) is a functionally rich, high performance interface for backing up Oracle7 databases. It is sometimes referred to as OEBU for Oracle Enterprise Backup Utility. The Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) utility that ships with Oracle8 and above is similar to Oracle7's EBU utility. However, there is no direct upgrade path from EBU to RMAN.
Enterprise Backup Utility (EBU) is a functionally rich, high performance interface for backing up Oracle7 databases. It is sometimes referred to as OEBU for Oracle Enterprise Backup Utility. The Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) utility that ships with Oracle8 and above is similar to Oracle7's EBU utility. However, there is no direct upgrade path from EBU to RMAN.
How does one create a
RMAN recovery catalog? (For DBA)
Start by creating a database schema (usually called rman). Assign an appropriate tablespace to it and grant it the recovery_catalog_owner role. Look at this example:
sqlplus sys
SQL> create user rman identified by rman;
SQL> alter user rman default tablespace tools temporary tablespace temp;
SQL> alter user rman quota unlimited on tools;
SQL> grant connect, resource, recovery_catalog_owner to rman;
SQL> exit;
Next, log in to rman and create the catalog schema. Prior to Oracle 8i this was done by running the catrman.sql script. rman catalog rman/rman
RMAN> create catalog tablespace tools;
RMAN> exit;
You can now continue by registering your databases in the catalog. Look at this example:
roman catalog roman/roman target backdba/backdba
RMAN> register database;
Start by creating a database schema (usually called rman). Assign an appropriate tablespace to it and grant it the recovery_catalog_owner role. Look at this example:
sqlplus sys
SQL> create user rman identified by rman;
SQL> alter user rman default tablespace tools temporary tablespace temp;
SQL> alter user rman quota unlimited on tools;
SQL> grant connect, resource, recovery_catalog_owner to rman;
SQL> exit;
Next, log in to rman and create the catalog schema. Prior to Oracle 8i this was done by running the catrman.sql script. rman catalog rman/rman
RMAN> create catalog tablespace tools;
RMAN> exit;
You can now continue by registering your databases in the catalog. Look at this example:
roman catalog roman/roman target backdba/backdba
RMAN> register database;
How can a group in a
cross products be visually distinguished from a group that does not form a cross
product?
A group that forms part of a cross product will have a thicker border.
A group that forms part of a cross product will have a thicker border.
What is the frame &
repeating frame?
A frame is a holder for a group of fields. A repeating frame is used to display a set of records when the no. of records that are to displayed is not known before.
A frame is a holder for a group of fields. A repeating frame is used to display a set of records when the no. of records that are to displayed is not known before.
What is a combo box?
A combo box style list item combines the features found in list and text item. Unlike the pop list or the text list style list items, the combo box style list item will both display fixed values and accept one operator entered value.
A combo box style list item combines the features found in list and text item. Unlike the pop list or the text list style list items, the combo box style list item will both display fixed values and accept one operator entered value.
What are three panes that
appear in the run time pl/sql interpreter?
1. Source pane.
2. Interpreter pane.
3. Navigator pane.
1. Source pane.
2. Interpreter pane.
3. Navigator pane.
What are the two panes
that Appear in the design time pl/sql interpreter?
1. Source pane.
2. Interpreter pane
1. Source pane.
2. Interpreter pane
What are the two ways by
which data can be generated for a parameters list of values?
1. Using static values.
2. Writing select statement.
1. Using static values.
2. Writing select statement.
What are the various
methods of performing a calculation in a report?
1. Perform the calculation in the SQL statements itself.
2. Use a calculated / summary column in the data model.
1. Perform the calculation in the SQL statements itself.
2. Use a calculated / summary column in the data model.
What are the default
extensions of the files created by menu module?
.mmb,
.mmx
.mmb,
.mmx
What are the default
extensions of the files created by forms modules?
.fmb - form module binary
.fmx - form module executable
.fmb - form module binary
.fmx - form module executable
To display the page no.
for each page on a report what would be the source & logical page no. or &
of physical page no.?
& physical page no.
& physical page no.
It is possible to use raw
devices as data files and what is the advantages over file. System files?
Yes. The advantages over file system files. I/O will be improved because Oracle is bye-passing the kernel which writing into disk. Disk Corruption will be very less.
Yes. The advantages over file system files. I/O will be improved because Oracle is bye-passing the kernel which writing into disk. Disk Corruption will be very less.
What are disadvantages of
having raw devices?
We should depend on export/import utility for backup/recovery (fully reliable). The tar command cannot be used for physical file backup, instead we can use dd command which is less flexible and has limited recoveries.
We should depend on export/import utility for backup/recovery (fully reliable). The tar command cannot be used for physical file backup, instead we can use dd command which is less flexible and has limited recoveries.
What is the significance
of having storage clause?
We can plan the storage for a table as how much initial extents are required, how much can be extended next, how much % should leave free for managing row updations etc.
We can plan the storage for a table as how much initial extents are required, how much can be extended next, how much % should leave free for managing row updations etc.
What is the use of
INCTYPE option in EXP command?
Type export should be performed COMPLETE, CUMULATIVE, and INCREMENTAL. List the sequence of events when a large transaction that exceeds beyond its optimal value when an entry wraps and causes the rollback segment to expand into a notion completes will be written.
Type export should be performed COMPLETE, CUMULATIVE, and INCREMENTAL. List the sequence of events when a large transaction that exceeds beyond its optimal value when an entry wraps and causes the rollback segment to expand into a notion completes will be written.
What is the use of FILE
option in IMP command?
The name of the file from which import should be performed.
The name of the file from which import should be performed.
What is a Shared SQL
pool?
The data dictionary cache is stored in an area in SGA called the Shared SQL Pool. This will allow sharing of parsed SQL statements among concurrent users.
The data dictionary cache is stored in an area in SGA called the Shared SQL Pool. This will allow sharing of parsed SQL statements among concurrent users.
What is hot backup and
how it can be taken?
Taking backup of archive log files when database is open. For this the ARCHIVELOG mode should be enabled. The following files need to be backed up. All data files. All Archive log, redo log files. All control files.
Taking backup of archive log files when database is open. For this the ARCHIVELOG mode should be enabled. The following files need to be backed up. All data files. All Archive log, redo log files. All control files.
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